Njira ya Mannheim ya Potaziyamu Sulfate (K₂SO₄) Kupanga

Njira Zazikulu Zopangira Potaziyamu Sulfate

Njira ya Mannheim is njira zamafakitale zopangira K2SO4,98% sulfuric acid ndi potaziyamu kolorayidi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi byproduct hydrochloric acid. Masitepe enieni akuphatikizapo kusakaniza potaziyamu chloride ndi sulfuric acid ndikuwachitira pa kutentha kwambiri kuti apange potaziyamu sulfate ndi hydrochloric acid.

Crystallizationskupatukanaimapanga potaziyamu sulphate powotcha zamchere monga chipolopolo cha mbewu za tung ndi phulusa la mbewu, kenakoleaching, kusefa, kuika maganizo, kulekanitsa centrifugal ndi kuyanika kupeza potaziyamu sulphate.

Kuchita kwaPotaziyamu ChloridendiSufuric Acid pa kutentha kwapadera mu chiŵerengero chapadera ndi njira ina yopezera potaziyamu sulphate.Masitepe enieni akuphatikizapo kusungunula potassium chloride m'madzi ofunda, kuwonjezera sulfuric acid kuti ayankhe, ndiyeno crystallizing pa 100-140 ° C, kutsatiridwa ndi kupatukana, neutralization, ndi kuyanika kuti apange potaziyamu sulfate.

Ubwino wa Mannheim Potassium Sulfate

Njira ya Mennheim ndiyo njira yoyamba yopangira potaziyamu sulphate kunja kwa nyanja. Njira yodalirika komanso yapamwamba kwambiri imapanga potaziyamu sulphate wokhazikika komanso kusungunuka kwamadzi kwapamwamba. Njira yofooka ya asidi ndiyoyenera nthaka yamchere.

Mfundo Zopanga

Mmene Mungayankhire:

1. Sulphuric acid ndi potaziyamu kolorayidi amayezedwa molingana ndi mita ndipo amadyetsedwa mofanana mu chipinda chochitira ng'anjo ya Mannheim, momwe amachitira kupanga potaziyamu sulphate ndi hydrogen chloride.

2. Zomwe zimachitika zimachitika munjira ziwiri:

ndi. Choyamba ndi exothermic ndipo imapezeka pa kutentha kochepa.

ii. Gawo lachiwiri likukhudza kutembenuka kwa potaziyamu bisulfate kukhala potaziyamu sulphate, yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri.

Kuwongolera Kutentha:

1. Zomwe zimachitika ziyenera kuchitika pa kutentha pamwamba pa 268 ° C, ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri kukhala 500-600 ° C kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa sulfuric acid.

2. Pakupanga kwenikweni, kutentha komwe kumayendetsedwa nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa pakati pa 510-530 ° C kuti pakhale bata komanso kuchita bwino.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kutentha:

1. Zomwe zimachitika zimakhala zotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna kutentha kosasinthasintha kuchokera ku kuyaka kwa gasi.

2. Pafupifupi 44% ya kutentha kwa ng'anjo imatayika m'makoma, 40% imatengedwa ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, ndipo 16% yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochitapo kanthu.

Zofunika Kwambiri pa Mannheim Process

Ng'anjom'mimba mwake ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga. Ng'anjo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zimakhala ndi mainchesi 6 mita.Pa nthawi yomweyo, odalirika galimoto dongosolo ndi chitsimikizo cha mosalekeza ndi khola anachita.Zida zokanira ziyenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri, ma asidi amphamvu, ndikupereka kutentha kwabwino. Zipangizo zokokerako zimayenera kukhala zosagwirizana ndi kutentha, dzimbiri, komanso kuwonongeka.

Ubwino wa Gasi wa Hydrogen Chloride:

1.Kukhala ndi vacuum pang'ono mu chipinda chochitirako kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ndi mpweya wa flue usachepetse hydrogen chloride.

2.Kusindikiza koyenera ndi ntchito kungathe kukwaniritsa ma HCl 50% kapena apamwamba.

Zofunika Kwambiri:

1.Potaziyamu Chloride:Ayenera kukumana enieni chinyezi, tinthu kukula, ndi potaziyamu okusayidi zili zofunika kuti mulingo woyenera kwambiri anachita dzuwa.

2.Sufuric Acid:Imafunikira kuchuluka kwa 99% kuti mukhale oyera komanso osasinthasintha.

Kuwongolera Kutentha:

1.Chipinda Chochitira (510-530°C):Imawonetsetsa kuchitapo kanthu.

2.Chipinda Choyaka:Imasamutsa mpweya wachilengedwe kuti uyake bwino.

3.Kutentha kwa Gasi wa Mchira:Amayendetsedwa kuti aletse kutsekeka kwa utsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuyamwa bwino kwa gasi.

Njira Yogwirira ntchito

• Zochita:Potaziyamu kolorayidi ndi sulfuric acid amadyetsedwa mosalekeza mu chipinda chochitiramo. Zotsatira za potaziyamu sulphate zimatulutsidwa, kuzikhazikika, kufufuzidwa, ndi kuchotsedwa ndi calcium oxide isanapake.
• Kusamalira Zogulitsa:
  • Mpweya wotentha kwambiri wa hydrogen chloride umazirala ndikuyeretsedwa kudzera m'magulu otsuka ndi mayamwidwe osanja kuti apange mafakitale-grade hydrochloric acid (31-37% HCl).
  • Kutulutsa mpweya wa mchira kumathandizidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi chilengedwe.

Mavuto ndi Zowonjezera

1. Kuwotcha:Kutentha kwakukulu kumatayika kudzera mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndi makoma a ng'anjo, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa machitidwe abwino obwezeretsa kutentha.
2. Kuwonongeka kwa Zida:Njirayi imagwira ntchito pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso acidic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zovala ndi kukonza.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Hydrochloric Acid By-product:Msika wa hydrochloric acid ukhoza kukhala wodzaza, zomwe zimafunikira kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito zina kapena njira zochepetsera kutulutsa kwazinthu.

Njira yopangira Mannheim potaziyamu sulfate imaphatikizapo mitundu iwiri ya mpweya wa zinyalala: utsi woyaka kuchokera ku gasi wachilengedwe ndi mpweya wa hydrogen chloride.

Kutentha kwa Moto:

Kutentha kwa mpweya woyaka nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 450 ° C. Kutentha uku kumasamutsidwa kudzera mu recuperator musanatulutsidwe. Komabe, ngakhale pambuyo pa kusinthana kwa kutentha, kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kumakhalabe pafupifupi 160 ° C, ndipo kutentha kotsaliraku kumatulutsidwa mumlengalenga.

Zopangidwa ndi Hydrogen Chloride Gasi:

Mpweya wa hydrogen chloride umadutsa munsanja yochapira ya sulfuric acid, kuyamwa mu chotengera chotsitsa filimu, ndikuyeretsedwa munsanja yoyeretsera mpweya usanatulutsidwe. Izi zimapanga 31% hydrochloric acid, mu apamwambakukhazikika kungayambitse kutulutsa mpweyaayi mpakamiyezo ndi kuchititsa "kukoka mchira" chodabwitsa mu utsi.Choncho, nthawi yeniyenihydrochloric acid ndende muyeso imatembenuka kukhala yofunika pakupanga.

Njira zotsatirazi zitha kuchitidwa kuti zithandizire bwino:

Chepetsani Kuchuluka kwa Acid: Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa asidi panthawi yomwe mayamwidwendiInline density mita kuti muwunikire molondola.

Wonjezerani Kuthamanga kwa Madzi Ozungulira: Limbikitsani kayendedwe ka madzi mu chotengera chotsitsa filimu kuti muthe kuyamwa bwino.

Chepetsani Katundu pa Exhaust Gas Purification Tower: Konzani magwiridwe antchito kuti muchepetse zolemetsa pamakina oyeretsa.

Kupyolera mu zosinthazi ndikugwira ntchito moyenera pakapita nthawi, chodabwitsa chokoka mchira chingathe kuthetsedwa, kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya umakwaniritsa zofunikira.