Kukhazikika kwa Chakudya & Chakumwa
Kuyika kwa chakudya kumatanthauza kuchotsa gawo la zosungunulira kuchokera ku chakudya chamadzimadzi kuti chipangidwe bwino, chitetezedwe ndi kunyamula. Izo zikhoza m'gulu la evaporation ndi amaundana ndende.
Evaporation Concentration
Mpweya umagwira ntchito pamaziko a kusiyana kwamphamvu pakati pa solute ndi zosungunulira. Pamene kusasunthika kwa solute mu yankho kuli kochepa ndipo zosungunulira zimakhala zosasunthika zoonekeratu, zosungunulira zimatenthedwa ndi kutentha kuti zikhazikitse yankho. Njira yothetsera chakudya iyenera kuyikidwa mu evaporator ndikutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwakunja. Pamene kutentha kumakwera, zosungunulira (madzi) mu njira yothetsera vutoli zimasinthidwa kukhala nthunzi, chifukwa malo otentha amadzi ndi otsika kwambiri ndipo ndi osavuta kuphulika.
Panthawi ya evaporation, nthunzi yosungunulira imathawa mosalekeza, pamene solute (monga shuga, mapuloteni, mchere, mavitamini, ma pigment ndi zigawo zina zosasunthika kapena zovuta zowonongeka) zimakhalabe mu njira yotsalayo chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kwapamwamba komanso kutsika kochepa. Mpweya wosungunulira wa evaporated umasonkhanitsidwa ndikuuzira mu condenser kuti ubwererenso kukhala mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Njirayi imatha kubwezeretsanso mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Madzi osungunuka amatha kubwezeretsedwanso kapena kutayidwa.
Yankho loyambirira limayikidwa mu voliyumu yaying'ono pambuyo pa nthunzi ndi condensation monga kuchuluka kwa solute. Njira yokhazikika yazakudya imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza pambuyo pake, monga kuyanikanso, maswiti, jamu, timadziti, kapena ngati zopangira zapakatikati zopangira chakudya.
Multi-stage kapena multi-effect evaporation and concentration system nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale. Kutengera ndi zosowa za njira zina zopangira, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumafunika kuyesedwa molondola munthawi yeniyeni kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwazinthu ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. ContactLonnmeter, ogulitsa mita yofikira pa intaneti, kuti mumve zambirimita yofikira pa intanetizothetsera.
Mbali Zazikulu za Kutuluka kwa Nthunzi ndi Kukhazikika
Kutentha kutentha ndi nthawi ayenera kuganiziridwa mozama mu chakudya ndi chakumwa evaporation. "Kutentha kochepa ndi nthawi yochepa" makamaka kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chili chabwino momwe mungathere, pamene "kutentha kwambiri ndi nthawi yochepa" makamaka kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino.
Kutentha kwambiri kumayambitsa kuwonongeka, kuyitanitsa ndi kuyika kwa mapuloteni, shuga ndi pectin. Zinthu zomwe zimakonzedwa zomwe zimalumikizana kwambiri ndi malo otengera kutentha zimatengera kutentha kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi kutentha kozungulira kwazinthu. Sikelo ikapangidwa, imakhudza kwambiri kutengera kutentha komanso kuyambitsa zovuta zachitetezo. Njira yabwino yothetsera vuto la makulitsidwe ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwamadzi. Zochitika zasonyeza kuti kuonjezera liwiro la madzi kungachepetse kwambiri mapangidwe a sikelo. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zotsutsana ndi ma electromagnetic anti-scaling ndi mankhwala odana ndi makulitsidwe zitha kutengedwa kuti zipewe kukulitsa.
Viscosity
Zakudya zambiri zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, shuga, pectin ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu. Panthawi ya evaporation, kukhuthala kwa yankho kumawonjezeka ndi ndende monga fluidity imachepa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kutentha kwa kutentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pakutulutsa kwazinthu za viscous, njira zoyendera kapena zokondoweza zomwe zimakakamizidwa ndi mphamvu yakunja nthawi zambiri zimatengera.
Kutulutsa thovu
Zakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri zimakhala ndi zovuta kwambiri. Pamene evaporating ndi kuwira, pali thovu ochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi alowe mu condenser ndi nthunzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi awonongeke. Kukangana kwapakati pa nkhope kumachitika pakati pa nthunzi, madzi otentha kwambiri ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa, ndipo zolimba zimathandizira kwambiri kupanga chithovu. Nthawi zambiri, ma surfactants angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera mapangidwe a thovu, ndipo zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthetsa thovu.
Kuwononga
Zakudya zina zokhala ndi acidic, monga madzi a masamba ndi madzi a zipatso, zimatha kuwonongeka ndi evaporator panthawi ya nthunzi komanso ndende. Chakudya, ngakhale dzimbiri pang'ono nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuipitsidwa komwe kumapangitsa kuti chinthucho chisakhale choyenera. Chifukwa chake, evaporator yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya za acidic iyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira dzimbiri komanso zopatsa mphamvu, ndipo kapangidwe kake kayenera kukhala kosavuta kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, ndende ya citric asidi njira angagwiritse ntchito impermeable graphite Kutentha machubu kapena asidi zosagwira enamel masangweji evaporators.
Zomwe zimasinthasintha Zakudya zambiri zamadzimadzi zimakhala ndi zinthu zonunkhira komanso zokometsera, zomwe zimasinthasintha kuposa madzi. Madzi akamasanduka nthunzi, zigawozi zidzathawa pamodzi ndi nthunzi, zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa mankhwala okhazikika. Ngakhale kutentha kochepa kumatha kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zigawo za kukoma, njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kutenga njira zobwezeretsa ndikuziwonjezera muzogulitsa mutachira.
Kuzizira Kwambiri
Zakudya zamadzimadzi (monga madzi, mkaka kapena njira zina zokhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo) zimakhazikika pamalo otsika kutentha. Kutentha kumatsika pansi pa malo oundana, mamolekyu amadzi mumtsukowo amawomba ngati miyala ya ayezi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa madzi amafika pamlingo wokhazikika wamadzimadzi pa kutentha kwina ndi kupanikizika. Pansi pa kutentha kumeneku, madzi owonjezera aulere amaundana koyamba, pomwe ma solutes (monga shuga, ma organic acid, ma pigment, okometsera, ndi zina zotero) sizosavuta kuzizira ndi madzi chifukwa cha kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana, koma amakhalabe muzosakhazikika.
Kupatukana kwa Ice Crystals
Makristasi opangidwa ndi ayezi amasiyanitsidwa ndi centrifugation, kusefera kapena njira zina zakuthupi. Izi sizimaphatikizapo kutuluka kwa ma solutes, kotero zimatha kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe sizimamva kutentha ndi kutaya fungo. Zomwe zimakhazikika pambuyo polekanitsa makhiristo a ayezi ndizomwe zimasungidwa mufiriji, zomwe zimakhala ndi ndende yayikulu kwambiri kuposa yankho loyambirira, ndikusunga mtundu woyambirira, kukoma, kufunikira kwa zakudya komanso kukoma kwa chakudya kwambiri.
Kuwongolera Mikhalidwe Yozizira
Pa ndondomeko ya ndende yachisanu, zinthu monga kuzizira, kutentha kwachisanu ndi nthawi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino kuti ziwongolere kukula kwa galasi la ayezi, morphology ndi kupatukana ndi kuikapo kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa mankhwala omaliza. Ukadaulo wa kuzizira wachisanu ndiwoyenera makamaka pazakudya ndi zakumwa zosamva kutentha, monga zipatso zatsopano ndi timadziti tamasamba, zinthu zachilengedwe, mankhwala opangira mankhwala ndi zokometsera zapamwamba. Ikhoza kukulitsa khalidwe lachilengedwe la zipangizo zopangira ndipo ili ndi makhalidwe opulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. Komabe, njira imeneyi ilinso ndi malire. Mwachitsanzo, kutsekereza sikungathe kutsekeredwa bwino ndipo kungafunike chithandizo chowonjezera choletsa kubereka. Kuonjezera apo, pazithandizo zina zokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu kapena zokhala ndi zosakaniza zapadera, zovuta zolekanitsa makristasi oundana kuchokera kuzinthu zowonongeka zimatha kuwonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa ndende komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-13-2025
